Figure 1(a) shows how many nodes have died over time due
to lack of battery when node mobility is not allowed. We can
definitely observe different results between two cases, namely
when the energy consumption by overhearing is ignored and
when the energy consumption is included.
When we excluded the overhearing, the MMBCR outperforms
the others in terms of expiration time of nodes because it
takes into account the remaining power of intermediate nodes
to distribute energy consumption among different routes. Note
that the CMMBCR behaves in between of the MTPR and MMBCR
protocols. Additionally, a
equal to 25% derived a similar
behaviour to the MTPR, while a
of 75% makes the protocol
behave as the MMBCR. Especially, from the aspect of
expiration time of connections, we can observe that the MTPR
shows better performance over the MMBCR because many
other nodes can still act as forwarding nodes for the connec-
tions in dense networks. In the context, the MTPR using the
shortest paths behaves better than the MMBCR. However, the
MMBCR can delay the time when nodes die at the expense of
wasting more energy by using longer routes.