1. Modification by Sc does not diminish the fluidity of the melt.
2. The fluidity of A356 samples modified with 0.2 wt.% Sc, 0.4 wt.%
Sc, and 0.2 wt.% Sc + 0.2 wt.% Zr increased with increasing temperature.
3. Sc and Sc + Zr additions can also effectively reduce the grain size
of cast aluminum samples. The fluidity of these reduced grain
size samples is higher than that of non-grain refined samples.
However, the sample with the finest grain size, 0.4 wt.% Sc, did
not have better fluidity than samples with less grain refined
grains (0.2 wt.% Sc and 0.2 wt.% Sc + 0.2 wt.% Zr).
4. The fluidity increased as the mean shape factor increased at
all tested temperatures. In addition, the fluidity appreciably
improved within the higher temperatures, i.e., 690 and 720 ◦C.