and SYTO 63 were used to label the a- and b-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides, proteins and
total cells, respectively, in the biofouling layer in this study.
The fouled FO membranes were taken out from the OMBR
systems at predetermined time (on days 3, 8 and 25), and then
three pieces with size of about 0.5 0.5 cm were randomly cut
from each fouled FO membrane. As shown in Fig. 2, the fouled
membrane samples were first stained with SYTO 63 (20 mM),
and then the FITC solution (10 g L1) was dripped onto the
samples after 1 M sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) buffer was
applied for keeping the amine group in a non-protonated
form. Subsequently, the ConA (0.25 g L1) and CW (0.3 g L1)
solutions were added to the samples, respectively. After each
stage of the labeling process, the samples were incubated for
30 min at room temperature in the dark, and then were
washed twice with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution to
remove the extra probes.
and SYTO 63 were used to label the a- and b-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides, proteins andtotal cells, respectively, in the biofouling layer in this study.The fouled FO membranes were taken out from the OMBRsystems at predetermined time (on days 3, 8 and 25), and thenthree pieces with size of about 0.5 0.5 cm were randomly cutfrom each fouled FO membrane. As shown in Fig. 2, the fouledmembrane samples were first stained with SYTO 63 (20 mM),and then the FITC solution (10 g L1) was dripped onto thesamples after 1 M sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) buffer wasapplied for keeping the amine group in a non-protonatedform. Subsequently, the ConA (0.25 g L1) and CW (0.3 g L1)solutions were added to the samples, respectively. After eachstage of the labeling process, the samples were incubated for30 min at room temperature in the dark, and then werewashed twice with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution toremove the extra probes.
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