infective properties of breastmilk, which may theoretically help prevent mastitis, an important complication of sore nipple. Even though its efficacy has not been corroborated by any studies, some experts recommend the use of creams containing vitamin A and D, modified anhydrous lanolin and corticosteroid creams or ointments. The latter are used for more severe nipple trauma, provided that fungal or bacterial infection has been ruled out. Corticosteroids mentioned in the literature are mometasone 0.1% (synthetic corticosteroid) and halobetasol propionate.
A randomized clinical trial compared four different strategies for the treatment of sore nipple: modified lanolin, warm moist compresses, expressed breastmilk and only education. The conclusion was that no difference exists between the different treatments with regard to pain intensity and maintenance of breastfeeding. Another
study revealed that modified lanolin is useful in alleviating nipple pain, especially between the sixth and tenth days after delivery.
A practice that has become quite popular in some Brazilian regions is the use of tea bags for the treatment of sore nipple. This practice is not supported in the literature, since there are at least two studies that show that the use of tea bags is as effective as the use of warm moist compresses. These compresses, because of vasodilation, may bring some relief to mothers with sore nipples. Tannic acid found n tea may actually cause damage to the nipples.
There are several popular practices believed to heal cracked nipple, such as the use of banana and papaya peels. These practices should be avoided until studies that indicate their efficacy and harmlessness are conducted. Novak et al. found significant levels of potentially pathogenic microorganisms in banana peel, which may trigger an infectious process if the peels are applied on the fissures.
Nipple infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus