Suppressor Mutations and Chemical Suppressors
A suppressor mutation can be defined as a second mutation that suppresses the phenotype caused by the first mutation, but is a distinct site from the first mutation. Downstream components of an oncogenic GTPase Ras1, such as Raf, MEK and MAP kinase, were identified as genetic suppressors in a Drosophila rough eye system, in which eye development was forced to be abnormal by genetic methods [5]. In addition to genetic screenings in Drosophila, those in C. elegans for suppressor of a loss-of function in let-23, encoding the EGF receptor, resulted in the discovery of a gain-of-function mutation in let-60, encoding the downstream Ras protein in this signaling pathway [6]. Screens for suppressors of the let-60 gain-of-function phenotype yielded more than thirty genes involved in the EGF receptor signaling pathway [7-11]. Genetic suppressor screening in different model organisms led to identification of genes functioning in the same signaling pathway. Thus, diverse species including vertebrates can become objectives for suppressor screenings although genetic suppressor screenings in vertebrates require a lot more labors and large facilities than those in invertebrates.
Suppressor Mutations and Chemical Suppressors
A suppressor mutation can be defined as a second mutation that suppresses the phenotype caused by the first mutation, but is a distinct site from the first mutation. Downstream components of an oncogenic GTPase Ras1, such as Raf, MEK and MAP kinase, were identified as genetic suppressors in a Drosophila rough eye system, in which eye development was forced to be abnormal by genetic methods [5]. In addition to genetic screenings in Drosophila, those in C. elegans for suppressor of a loss-of function in let-23, encoding the EGF receptor, resulted in the discovery of a gain-of-function mutation in let-60, encoding the downstream Ras protein in this signaling pathway [6]. Screens for suppressors of the let-60 gain-of-function phenotype yielded more than thirty genes involved in the EGF receptor signaling pathway [7-11]. Genetic suppressor screening in different model organisms led to identification of genes functioning in the same signaling pathway. Thus, diverse species including vertebrates can become objectives for suppressor screenings although genetic suppressor screenings in vertebrates require a lot more labors and large facilities than those in invertebrates.
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