Forestry has been monitored in agricultural profitability book-keeping as a separate business area since
1912 by the Economic Research of the MTT Agrifood Research Finland. At present, the monitoring
is based on the accounting data collected annually from approximately 1050 book-keeping farms.
The monitoring is grounded on the profitability book-keeping application, MAR
TTI, and an Internet
based reporting system, EconomyDoctor. Since 1995, the Finnish data for the Farm Accountancy Data
Network (FADN) of the member states of the European Union (EU) has also been supplied by MTT
Economic Research, which is the authorized Finnish Agency in the FADN network.
The book-keeping data collected from farms is used to calculate the closing of accounts, i.e. the
profit and loss statement and balance sheet, as well as key economic ratios for each production line.
Forestry incomes and expenditures are collected, as well as labour and property data.
The key element
of developments forest accounting is the availability of the forest inventory contained in the forest
management plan (FMP) of a forest holding. Moreover, owners report all updates, such as fellings and
silvicultural activities, after the forest inventory. Using the updated forest inventory, the MELA FMP
software of the Finnish Forest Research Institute (Metla) provides the values of the growing stock and
bare land and returns these to the MARTTI accounting system . These information systems have been
integrated via the Internet using the XML protocol and service procedures, firewalls, etc. information
and communication technologies (ICT). The established forestry book-keeping procedure provides
reliable information for the purpose of financial statements.
The financial statements have been drawn up using the International Financial Reporting Standards
(IFRS) and especially its International Accounting Standards (IAS) 41 - Agriculture for the growing
stock and IAS 16 - Property, Plant and Equipment for the bare land. The key IAS notion of ‘fair value’
as the evaluation basis can, in the case of forestry be interpreted loosely as net present value (NPV).
The fair value of the growing stock fluctuates annually according to the impact of the net increase and
fellings. Both physical and price changes affect the net profit according to IAS 41. The key aspect of
the development is the evaluation of the IAS ‘fair value’ of the growing stock, classified as mature and
immature biological assets, and their annual changes. The changes due to stumpage price and physical
change in the growing stock are also to be disclosed separately. Moreover, the fair value of bare land is
also estimated annually for each stand.
The purpose of this study is to apply all relevant IAS/IFRS statutes and relevant theoretical
contributions to determine whether the international accounting standards (IASs) are applicable in
profitability book-keeping for forest holdings in order to support rural entrepreneurship.
The structure
of the financial statement reports accords to the IAS standards.
The applicability of the IAS standards
have been tested with the data and technical framework of the profitability book-keeping system of the
MTT Economic Research.
Forestry has been monitored in agricultural profitability book-keeping as a separate business area since
1912 by the Economic Research of the MTT Agrifood Research Finland. At present, the monitoring
is based on the accounting data collected annually from approximately 1050 book-keeping farms.
The monitoring is grounded on the profitability book-keeping application, MAR
TTI, and an Internet
based reporting system, EconomyDoctor. Since 1995, the Finnish data for the Farm Accountancy Data
Network (FADN) of the member states of the European Union (EU) has also been supplied by MTT
Economic Research, which is the authorized Finnish Agency in the FADN network.
The book-keeping data collected from farms is used to calculate the closing of accounts, i.e. the
profit and loss statement and balance sheet, as well as key economic ratios for each production line.
Forestry incomes and expenditures are collected, as well as labour and property data.
The key element
of developments forest accounting is the availability of the forest inventory contained in the forest
management plan (FMP) of a forest holding. Moreover, owners report all updates, such as fellings and
silvicultural activities, after the forest inventory. Using the updated forest inventory, the MELA FMP
software of the Finnish Forest Research Institute (Metla) provides the values of the growing stock and
bare land and returns these to the MARTTI accounting system . These information systems have been
integrated via the Internet using the XML protocol and service procedures, firewalls, etc. information
and communication technologies (ICT). The established forestry book-keeping procedure provides
reliable information for the purpose of financial statements.
The financial statements have been drawn up using the International Financial Reporting Standards
(IFRS) and especially its International Accounting Standards (IAS) 41 - Agriculture for the growing
stock and IAS 16 - Property, Plant and Equipment for the bare land. The key IAS notion of ‘fair value’
as the evaluation basis can, in the case of forestry be interpreted loosely as net present value (NPV).
The fair value of the growing stock fluctuates annually according to the impact of the net increase and
fellings. Both physical and price changes affect the net profit according to IAS 41. The key aspect of
the development is the evaluation of the IAS ‘fair value’ of the growing stock, classified as mature and
immature biological assets, and their annual changes. The changes due to stumpage price and physical
change in the growing stock are also to be disclosed separately. Moreover, the fair value of bare land is
also estimated annually for each stand.
The purpose of this study is to apply all relevant IAS/IFRS statutes and relevant theoretical
contributions to determine whether the international accounting standards (IASs) are applicable in
profitability book-keeping for forest holdings in order to support rural entrepreneurship.
The structure
of the financial statement reports accords to the IAS standards.
The applicability of the IAS standards
have been tested with the data and technical framework of the profitability book-keeping system of the
MTT Economic Research.
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