Finally, end users in the GIS production process („4‟ in Figure 1), presented with the results of a process embedded in a scientific, expert-oriented and data driven approach, apply their interpretation (influenced by their own experiences of the world, motivations, values, education, training and worldviews) to such results. The end user may not be aware of the nature of the approach or dominant epistemology, nor of the sets of decisions that have led to the particular representation of the „real world‟ that they interpret. However they are likely to view the results of the GIS production process as valid, because the scientific worldview in which GIS technology is embedded is widely viewed as legitimate. The output is evaluated on how scientifically „rigorous‟ its production has been – that is, how well positivism and empiricism have been enforced.