This explains why the sub-units that constitute the data could not be structured. In order to alleviate these
problems, firstly, data should be perceived, that is, what is given and what is asked in a question should be taught.
This variable does not only constitute data, it also involves the roadmap of the question. The variable of givenasked
is a variable where data is perceived and it is partitioned into its constituents. Increasing the knowledge
level in this variable will not only improve students’ success levels but also enable knowledge and success levels
to represent each other. Free-body diagram, formula and operation are the variables where the semantic
coordination is established between the constituents of data. In addition, the variable of given-asked plays an
important role for the knowledge levels in the variables of free-body diagram, formula and operation to represent
one another. By integrating the units who are semantically coordinated at the variable of operation, understanding
can be achieved through the conversion of procedural form of knowledge into semantic form of knowledge.
Findings of this research indicate that knowledge levels in these variables are low and, thus, Newton’s laws of
motion could not be understood. To ensure understanding, knowledge levels in these variables should be
maximized and IS values need to be minimized. In addition, increasing the success levels of QMT 2 and QMT 3
factors might contribute to the realization of understanding.