The subsurface stratigraphy at the test pile comprised glaciolacustrine clay and silt to a depth of 7.5 m, overlying glacial clay till that extended to a depth of 10.5 m, which in turn was underlain by Edmonton Formation clay shale and sandstone bedrock. High plastic firm to stiff clay (N = 9) was encountered near the surface, grading into a loose silt with SPT N values of 5 to 11 per 300 mm.