A case in point is the 2005 increase in gasoline prices in the United States. This generally caused an increase in the unit cost of each personal or business trip in the short run. Users with elastic demand reduces their trips, while those with inelastic demand had the same number of trips after the change. In either case, the end result was a negative gain in user benefits. Another example is the user subsidization that typically occurs in some developing countries. When transportation users are subsidized by the government, this lowers the supply curve because the unit cost of each trip is reduced. This leads to increased travel (where demand is elastic) and increased benefits (for either elastic or inelastic demand). The removal of subsidies or the imposition of taxes has the opposite effect.