FIGURE 2. Caudal regions of preserved specimens. (A) Barilius signicaudus (UNMF 00575, paratype, 97 mm SL). (B)
Barilius pulchellus (UNMF 00553, 55.7 mm SL).
All other Southeast Asian species of Barilius except Barilius bernatziki (Fig. 4A) and B. dogarsinghi (Fig. 4B)
have a small, or no caudal spot (Fig. 2B). Barilius ornatus (Fig. 5) has an anal-fin origin opposing or behind the
5th (rarely 4th) branched dorsal-fin ray and has a small, or no caudal spot. Barilius pulchellus has dark pigment on
the dorsal fin concentrated mainly at the middle of the interradial membranes forming a blotch (Fig. 3C), and large
dentary tubercles even on nonbreeding specimens (Fig. 6B). Barilius bernatziki, with a large caudal blotch, has 33
lateral-line scales or less. Barilius dogarsinghi has a highly conspicuous, deep vertical blotch at the base of the
caudal fin that barely extends onto the caudal fin, as well as a strong, submarginal pigment band on the dorsal fin
(Fig. 4B), and long rostral and maxillary barbels that are generally equal to or more than 50% of the distance
between the origin of the rostral barbels and the corner of the mouth.