During the past 20 years, obesity among adults has risen significantly in the United States. The latest data from the National Center for Health Statistics shows that 30 percent of U.S adults 20 years of age and older – approximately 60 million people – are obese. Similarly, the obesity rate among young people has more than tripled since 1980. Sixteen percent (over 9 million young people) of children and teens aged from 6 to 19 years are considered overweight. Eating more and exercising less are blamed for this. However, the problem is not that simple. Much thorough research shows that weight gaining and obesity are the effect of what are called natural causes, medical causes, and habitual causes. The interaction of all the above mentioned results in weight gaining and a typical common multifactorial disease that people call obesity.
Lately, scientists, in their researches, named natural factors as one of very important causes contributing to obesity. These natural causes are consisting of genetics, age and gender. The fact that children whose parents are obese also tend to be overweight confirms that heredity really plays a key role in obesity. Truly, a family history of obesity accounts for 25-40% of the causality of obesity. Scientists proved that the most common forms of obesity are polygentic, an inheritable character that is controlled, related to, or determined by several genes at once. In one experiment, they used two general approaches in the search for genes underlying common polygenic obesity in humans. The first approach focuses on selected genes having some plausible role in obesity on the basis of their known or presumed biological role. This approach yielded putative susceptibility genes with only small or uncertain effects. The second approach attempts to map genes purely by position and requires no presumptions on the function of genes. Genome-wide scans identify chromosomal regions showing linkage with obesity in large collections of nuclear families. Genome-wide scans in different ethnic populations have localized major obesity loci on chromosomes 2, 5, 10, 11 and 20. Susceptibility gene(s) for obesity may be located in the intervals of linkage. What is more, some experiments show that age influences obesity. Naturally, the human body tends to lose muscle and gain fat with age. This change results in a greater percentage of fat in the body. Because a fat cell requires lesser energy for its living process, fat increase will lead to the metabolic slowdown. Excessive energy, as a result, will be converted to fat. Consequently, old people are packing in pounds. The result from another separate research comes to a conclusion that gender holds an important part in weight gaining and obesity. More frequently, men require more energy for their activity than women do. The reason is that muscles – the main tissue in men’s bodies – are more active than fat cells – the most part in women bodies. Even in rest, men need from 10 to 20 percent more calories than other gender. This helps to explain why women are more likely to be obese. Concisely, genetics, age and gender are the natural causes contributing to obesity. These causes engender weight gaining and obesity through heredity mechanism, metabolic process, and calorie requirement based on gender.
The second cause of obesity pinpointed is medical problems which include diseases, metabolic disorders, and hormonal imbalance. An example of these causes is Cushing’s disease – an endocrine disorder caused by excessive levels of the endogenous corticosteroid hormone. Most people suffering from this have upper body obesity, rounded face, increased fat around the neck. In the same way, people with low thyroid function, polycystic ovary syndrome, and other hormonal imbalance end up with heavy bodies. Finally, some medications can also be a cause of obesity. Steroid medications are common culprits increasing the amount of bodily fluid. Other migraine medications are also known to cause weight gain. Antidepressants and other mood altering medications sometimes used for the treatment of stress, anxiety and depression can also cause weight gaining. As such, medical problems are the real linkage for obesity. It affects the weight by increasing body fluid, as a whole, resulting in weight gaining and obesity.
The last and most important factor contributing to obesity is habitual causes. These belong to casual eating habits and physical activity. As a matter of fact, people learn to eat and cook the way in which they were brought up. Food choice and combinations are learned very early in life. People usually eat when they have reasons other than hunger. Social events and family rituals are often centered with large meals. Getting a new job or birthday is celebrated with big dinner. Even stresses or blues also turn people to foods. In no time, people become greedy eaters without any perception. In addition, today’s culture promotes eating habits that contribute to obesity. People may serve large portions and foods that are most readily available instead of choosing foods that are most nutritious. Furthermore, food is often used as a reward in this country. For example, parents often give their kids some treats such as sweets, chocolates or cake if they have good performances. Many people express their gratitude to somebody by buying them dinner. In common with such eating habits, physical inactivity is equal effect in weight gaining and obesity. Thus, despite all the benefits of being physically active, most Americans are sedentary. Technology has made people much lazier by creating many time and labor saving products such as cars, elevators, computers, dishwashers, and televisions. People are willing to drive dozen of rounds to find a near parking place than walk just a relatively short distance to the doors. They also drive their cars in distances that walking or riding is accessible. As a result, these have reduced the overall amount of energy required for daily lives. Excessive energy, as being said above, will be accumulated in a form of fat. According to the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, in 2000 more than 26% of adults reported no leisure time physical activity. In brief excessive energy resulting from casual eating habits plus physical inactivity is the most important cause in obesity.
The very imbalance has accelerated body weights well in excess. As has been said, obesity is not simple as eating more and exercising less. In fact, it is the consequence of many causes, among which are natural causes such as genetics, age and gender, medical causes such as disease, metabolic disorder, or habitual causes such as eating habit and physical inactivity. Obesity, in other word, is the effect of internal and external impacts which affect or control people’s weight through the processes of transforming extra energy into fat, or holding bodily fluid. Consequently, people with such above mentioned identify themselves with common oversized bodies.
ในช่วง 20 ปีที่ผ่านมา โรคอ้วนในผู้ใหญ่ได้เพิ่มขึ้นอย่างมากในสหรัฐอเมริกา ข้อมูลล่าสุดจากศูนย์สถิติสุขภาพแห่งชาติแสดงว่า 30 เปอร์เซ็นต์ของผู้ใหญ่ในอเมริกา 20 ปีเก่า –ประมาณ 60 ล้านคน – จะอ้วน ในทำนองเดียวกัน อัตราโรคอ้วนในคนหนุ่มสาวมีมากกว่าสามเท่านับตั้งแต่ปี 1980 ร้อยละหก (กว่า 9 ล้านคนหนุ่มสาว) ของเด็กและวัยรุ่นอายุ 19 ปี 6 จะถือว่าน้ำหนักเกิน รับประทานอาหารมากขึ้น และออกกำลังกายน้อยตำหนินี้ อย่างไรก็ตาม ปัญหาได้ง่าย ๆ วิจัยอย่างละเอียดมากแสดงว่า ได้รับน้ำหนักและโรคอ้วนเป็นผลของสิ่งเรียกว่าสาเหตุธรรมชาติ สาเหตุทางการแพทย์ และเป็นสาเหตุ การโต้ตอบของผลลัพธ์ที่กล่าวทั้งหมดได้รับน้ำหนักและโดยทั่วไปทั่วไป multifactorial โรคที่คนเรียกโรคอ้วน Lately, scientists, in their researches, named natural factors as one of very important causes contributing to obesity. These natural causes are consisting of genetics, age and gender. The fact that children whose parents are obese also tend to be overweight confirms that heredity really plays a key role in obesity. Truly, a family history of obesity accounts for 25-40% of the causality of obesity. Scientists proved that the most common forms of obesity are polygentic, an inheritable character that is controlled, related to, or determined by several genes at once. In one experiment, they used two general approaches in the search for genes underlying common polygenic obesity in humans. The first approach focuses on selected genes having some plausible role in obesity on the basis of their known or presumed biological role. This approach yielded putative susceptibility genes with only small or uncertain effects. The second approach attempts to map genes purely by position and requires no presumptions on the function of genes. Genome-wide scans identify chromosomal regions showing linkage with obesity in large collections of nuclear families. Genome-wide scans in different ethnic populations have localized major obesity loci on chromosomes 2, 5, 10, 11 and 20. Susceptibility gene(s) for obesity may be located in the intervals of linkage. What is more, some experiments show that age influences obesity. Naturally, the human body tends to lose muscle and gain fat with age. This change results in a greater percentage of fat in the body. Because a fat cell requires lesser energy for its living process, fat increase will lead to the metabolic slowdown. Excessive energy, as a result, will be converted to fat. Consequently, old people are packing in pounds. The result from another separate research comes to a conclusion that gender holds an important part in weight gaining and obesity. More frequently, men require more energy for their activity than women do. The reason is that muscles – the main tissue in men’s bodies – are more active than fat cells – the most part in women bodies. Even in rest, men need from 10 to 20 percent more calories than other gender. This helps to explain why women are more likely to be obese. Concisely, genetics, age and gender are the natural causes contributing to obesity. These causes engender weight gaining and obesity through heredity mechanism, metabolic process, and calorie requirement based on gender. สาเหตุที่สองของ pinpointed โรคอ้วนเป็นปัญหาทางการแพทย์ซึ่งมีโรค โรคเผาผลาญ และความไม่สมดุลของฮอร์โมน ตัวอย่างของสาเหตุเหล่านี้คือ โรค Cushing – โรคต่อมไร้ท่อที่เกิดจากระดับฮอร์โมน endogenous corticosteroid มากเกินไป ส่วนใหญ่คนที่นี้มีร่างกายส่วนบนโรคอ้วน หน้ากลม เพิ่มไขมันรอบคอ ในลักษณะเดียวกัน คนที่ มีโรคไทรอยด์ต่ำฟังก์ชัน กลุ่มอาการรังไข่ polycystic และความไม่สมดุลของฮอร์โมนอื่น ๆ ท้าย ด้วยร่างกายที่หนัก ในที่สุด ยายังสามารถเป็นสาเหตุของโรคอ้วน ยาสเตอรอยด์ culprits ทั่วไปของของเหลวที่ร่างกายได้ ยังเป็นที่รู้จักอื่น ๆ ยาไมเกรนทำน้ำหนัก Antidepressants และอารมณ์อื่น ๆ เปลี่ยนแปลงยาที่ใช้สำหรับการจัดการความเครียด ความวิตกกังวล และภาวะซึมเศร้าบางครั้งอาจยังทำให้ได้รับน้ำหนัก เช่น ปัญหาทางการแพทย์มีการเชื่อมโยงที่แท้จริงสำหรับโรคอ้วน มันมีผลต่อน้ำหนักเพิ่มของเหลวในร่างกาย ทั้งหมด ในการดึงดูดน้ำหนักและโรคอ้วน The last and most important factor contributing to obesity is habitual causes. These belong to casual eating habits and physical activity. As a matter of fact, people learn to eat and cook the way in which they were brought up. Food choice and combinations are learned very early in life. People usually eat when they have reasons other than hunger. Social events and family rituals are often centered with large meals. Getting a new job or birthday is celebrated with big dinner. Even stresses or blues also turn people to foods. In no time, people become greedy eaters without any perception. In addition, today’s culture promotes eating habits that contribute to obesity. People may serve large portions and foods that are most readily available instead of choosing foods that are most nutritious. Furthermore, food is often used as a reward in this country. For example, parents often give their kids some treats such as sweets, chocolates or cake if they have good performances. Many people express their gratitude to somebody by buying them dinner. In common with such eating habits, physical inactivity is equal effect in weight gaining and obesity. Thus, despite all the benefits of being physically active, most Americans are sedentary. Technology has made people much lazier by creating many time and labor saving products such as cars, elevators, computers, dishwashers, and televisions. People are willing to drive dozen of rounds to find a near parking place than walk just a relatively short distance to the doors. They also drive their cars in distances that walking or riding is accessible. As a result, these have reduced the overall amount of energy required for daily lives. Excessive energy, as being said above, will be accumulated in a form of fat. According to the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, in 2000 more than 26% of adults reported no leisure time physical activity. In brief excessive energy resulting from casual eating habits plus physical inactivity is the most important cause in obesity. ความไม่สมดุลมากได้เร่งน้ำหนักร่างกายทั้งในส่วนที่เกิน ขณะที่มีการกล่าวว่า โรคอ้วนได้ง่ายมากรับประทานอาหาร และออกกำลังกายน้อย ในความเป็นจริง มันเป็นผลมาจากหลายสาเหตุ ระหว่างที่เป็นธรรมชาติทำให้เป็นสาเหตุเช่นโรค โรคเผาผลาญ หรือเป็นสาเหตุเช่นการรับประทานอาหารนิสัยและสาเหตุทางกายภาพพันธุศาสตร์ อายุ และ เพศ แพทย์ โรคอ้วน ในคำอื่น ๆ ผลของผลกระทบภายใน และภายนอกที่มีผล หรือควบคุมน้ำหนักของคนโดยใช้กระบวนการของการเปลี่ยนพลังงานเสริมไขมัน หรือเก็บของเหลวที่ร่างกาย ได้ ดังนั้น ดังกล่าวบุคคลดังกล่าวข้างต้นระบุตนเองกับองค์กรขนาดใหญ่ทั่วไป
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