1. INTRODUCTION
The problem of optimizing database schemata to improve
performance is well-studied in relational databases. However,
NoSQL databases (not based on tabular relations) often
lack a formal schema specication understood by the
database engine. The data model provided by the database
engine is typically primitive structures with higher-level abstractions
managed within the application. Since the database
engine cannot manipulate or understand this higher-level
data model, it is important for the application to make ecient
use of the available primitives. However, no standard
tools exist for schema optimization in NoSQL databases.