The exact research protocol varied by campus in accordance
with local policies, practices, and preferences, but the
general procedure followed was 1) at or before the beginning
of the semester, students registered for the introductory
statistics course were asked to participate in our study
and offered modest incentives for doing so; 2) students who
consented to participate filled out a baseline survey; 3) study
participants were randomly assigned to take the class in a traditional
or hybrid format; 4) study participants were asked to
take a standardized test of statistical literacy at the beginning
of the semester; and 5) at the end of the semester, study participants
were asked to take the standardized test of statistical
literacy again, as well as to complete another questionnaire.
The exact research protocol varied by campus in accordancewith local policies, practices, and preferences, but thegeneral procedure followed was 1) at or before the beginningof the semester, students registered for the introductorystatistics course were asked to participate in our studyand offered modest incentives for doing so; 2) students whoconsented to participate filled out a baseline survey; 3) studyparticipants were randomly assigned to take the class in a traditionalor hybrid format; 4) study participants were asked totake a standardized test of statistical literacy at the beginningof the semester; and 5) at the end of the semester, study participantswere asked to take the standardized test of statisticalliteracy again, as well as to complete another questionnaire.
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