Shock
• Handling: by crane, with pallet load and by hand.
• Shock is measured as G force, with 1 G representing the normal force of gravity.
• The greatest shock, in most cases, occurs during individual package handling.
• Vibration - Most vibration occurs during transport.
• Vibration may cause a package's contents to settle, which makes them more vulnerable to shock and compression because of increased void space.
• Vibration may also cause migration of some types of packing materials, such as expanded polystyrene. Such migration may leave the product resting in the bottom of the box, relatively unprotected from shock.