In each step
of stone formation, crystal growth and aggregation have
important functions. Honda et al. reported that the crystal
surface binding substance, which is found in CaOx crystals
generated from whole human urine, is a strong inhibitor of
CaOx crystal growth and contains proteins like human serum
albumin, retinol binding protein, transferrin, Tamm-Horsfall
glycoprotein, and prothrombin