in which the green, red, and blue lines denote the results for N = 2, 4, and 6, respectively. Additionally, the black line indicates the results obtained from the cycloidal motion (i.e., Eq. (4) is employed as the input function). The joint angle, angular velocity, tip displacement of the flexible manipulator, and motor torque are illustrated in Fig. 2(a), (b), (c), and (d), respectively. The values of the coefficients an obtained for the optimal solution are listed in Table 1. As portrayed in Fig. 2(c), a large residual vibration with an amplitude of about 7.7 cm after positioning (after t = 0.8 s) occurs when the joint angle is rotated along the cycloidal motion. Moreover, motor torque that keeps the joint angle at the target angle against the residual vibration is