2.12. Statistical analysisThe efficacy of ListShield™ treatment in reducing the number ofviable L. monocytogenes in all foods examined was evaluated bycomparing the data obtained with the PBS (or water)-treatedcontrol samples to the ListShield™ -treated samples. In the AStreatedapples study, an AS control was also compared to PBS andphage-treated samples. Specific statistical tests performed arenoted in each experimental discussion. Statistical analyses wereperformed with the GraphPad InStat (version 3.05) and/or theGraphPad Prism (version 4.0) programs (GraphPad Software). A pvalueof <0.05 was considered a statistically significant differenceand is denoted by * in the figures, ** represents a p-value < 0.01 and*** represents a p-value < 0.001. For the organoleptic studies, toevaluate the significance of the results, the Triangle Test describedin the ASTM E 1885-97, “Standard Test Method for Sensory AnalysiseTriangleTest” ASTM International was used.
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