enables the effective application of management best practices and information technology tools to deliver the best available knowledge to the right person, at just the right time, to solve a problem, make a decision, capture expertise, and so forth, while performing their work. The KMS can comprise formal systems, processes, management directives, and others that, when combined, help generate, capture, organize, and share available knowledge that is relevant to the mission of the enterprise. Therefore, the successful implementation of a KMS can increase effectiveness, efficiency, and innovation. However, the adoption of KM technologies and tools is only a small part of the solution when considering the desired outcome of the enterprise. A successful KMS involves more than just implementing a new technology that can be acquired in a “box”; it requires understanding and integrating its human aspects and the culture in which it operates. Therefore, this chapter presents results of our research of KM in the U.S. government and nonprofit sectors (Roman, 2004; Roman, Ribi่re, and Stankosky, 2004).