Transforming Nonstationary Time Series
According to result ofTable 2(unit root testing), researchers found that all variables are nonstationaryfrom unit root test. The way to remedy is to useDickey-Fuller (DF) test by Difference-Stationary process. After the data of all variables are stationary, the all variables can estimate in equation of OLS.
Determination
H_0: y_t~I(1) y_t process is nonstationary
H_1: y_t~I(0) y_t process is stationary
Significance level at 1 percent 0.01
5 percent 0.05
10 percent 0.10