Many schools give the impression of having implemented AfL when in reality the change in pedagogy that it requires has not taken place. This may happen, for example, when teachers feel constrained by external tests over which they have no control. As a result they are unlikely to give pupils a greater role in directing their learning, as is required in AfL, in order to develop the capacity to continue learning throughout life. The nature of classroom assessment is dictated by the tests. (see Box 2).