There are now sufficient evidences that ERs can associate with plasma membrane in the neuronal cells. ERs associate with caveolae and large protein complexes of the membrane in various cell types including the neuronal cells [48,49]. ERα activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) is dependent on caveolin 1 (CAV 1) whereas caveolin 3 (CAV 3) is necessary for ERα and ERβ activation of mGluR2/3 [49]. While S-palmitoylation of ERα accelerates its association with plasma membrane and CAV 1 [50], preferential palmitoylation of ERα variant (46 kDa) has also been reported in plasma membrane [51]. Of note, palmitylation helps in anchoring a protein into the plasma membrane. Another membrane protein striatin serves as a scaffold for ERα–G protein complex and mediates the ERα translocation [52]. An adapter protein (MNAR) is also found to be required for these membrane estrogen actions [53]. The ERs thus being localized in the plasma membrane, also respond to the nongenomic actions of estrogens [54].