Taking the initial moisture of broken rice flour into
account, the moisture and amylase concentration of rice
flour were adjusted to the desired level. The amylase was
added to the water for adjusting flour moisture content. All
samples were mixed for 10 min to equally distribute the
moisture and amylase. The hydrated flour was stored at
4 C overnight in sealed plastic bags for equilibration prior
to extrusion. Enzymatic extrusion was carried out using a
laboratory scale twin-screw extruder (TSE 24 MC, Thermo
scientific, USA) with a length to diameter ratio of 40:1. The
barrel contained four zones. During the experiment, the
temperatures of barrel zone I (60 C), zone II (70 C), and
zone III (80 C) were kept constant and the temperature of
zone IV was adjusted by experimental requirement. Sc