However, OC is more than just a social network in which indi-viduals are connected through social ties. It is a multi-modal net-work connecting multiple nodes of people, their resources, goods, and the tools available[28]rather than a mere social network con-necting people to people through social relationships[21,30]. In addition, it represents a dynamic network in which there are tip-ping points, and stochastic events (see e.g. [34]). The debate on different roles in OC is further intensified due to the particular na-ture of this organizational form. Participants are jointly embedded in different social and technical contexts and connected through multiple activities and practices, and thus, the notion of ‘centrality’ is significantly different from the original idea of social embed-dedness[18]. It relates to complex goal-oriented interactions and practices that take place in digital sociotechnical environments. ‘Centrality’ co-exists at different levels, and evolves dynamically over time. To resolve this debate and to model roles through a net-work theoretical lens, we need to dynamically consider a range of attributes of the nodes of these multi-modal networks – the users,the goods, the resources, and the tools – and the graphs connect-ing them. These graphs represent different kinds of goal-oriented and tangible activities and practices. We also need to consider the particular context (e.g. the particular technology platform the user is embedded in) and ‘subpopulations’ in which these interactions occur.