typical painful procedures in NICU, such as venipuncture, intubation, and suctioning.
In this study, the infants’ behavioral states were observed before, during, and after the touch interventions. As depicted in Fig. 3, infants who received GHT slept more during and after the intervention. However, infants who received Yakson were awake more often during the treatment but slept more afterwards. These findings may indicate that GHT continuously relaxed infants both during and after the intervention, whileYakson energized infants and made them more interactive with TRNs during the intervention but more relaxed afterward. From the Yakson perspective, the increased interaction during Yakson could also be interpreted as the stagnated Ki of the preterm infant becoming more active