Thailand Coastal Shipping TOR (29 November 2557)
Objectives
To increase the contribution made by coastal shipping to the movement of cargo within Thailand
To maximize the efficiency of coastal shipping. The theme is to maximize utilization of existing facilities before investing new funding in new facilities.
To reduce the volume of truck traffic on the main highways and expressways connecting the ports and cities of Central and Southern Thailand.
Scope of Work
The scope of work consists of five tasks:
• Task 1: Gathering data on maritime trade, shipping and ports along the Gulf of Thailand and Andaman sea coasts of Thailand.
• Task 2: Assessing the capabilities and capacity of Thailand’s coastal ports and shipping.
• Task 3: Forecasting future sea cargo volumes and identifying the scale of truck traffic that has the potential to be transferred to coastal shipping.
• Task 4: Develop a master plan for the development of coastal shipping and port services wity the objective of maximizing the use of existing facilities and investing in new capacity and capability once existing shipping and ports are operating efficiently.
• Task 5: Prepare action and monitoring plans for a pilot project to demonstrate what can be achieved.
Task 1 Data Gathering
Information
There are two main international ports serving Thailand. They are Laem Chabang and Rayong on the Gulf of Thailand coast. The Port of Bangkok is a third and smaller gateway for international shipping.
There are a number of small ports used by coastal shipping along the coast close to Bangkok and there are ports along the Gulf of Thailand coast between Prachuap Khiri Khan and Songkhla.
There are also small ports on the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand. The shipping route to these ports from Laem Chabang and Rayong is lengthy as it requires ships to pass through the Singapore Strait at the southern extremity of Malaysia.
Some of the ports around the coast of Thailand are in the public sector and others are privately owned and/or operated.
Account will need to be taken of the transshipment requirements of cargo that is transported by barge in both directions upstream of the Port of Bangkok at Khlong Toey.
Data gathering
The following information will need to be collected using available data, existing sources of secondary statistics and surveys to be undertaken as part of the study:
Data about the each port:
• Number of berths, length of quays and maximum number of ships that can be accommodated at any one time.
• Condition of facilities at the port and annual budgets for repair and maintenance.
• Information on any committed or proposed spending on upgrading port infrastructure.
• Information about the port and its harbour channels including the maximum size (length and draught) of ship that can be accommodated.
• Information about the facilities available at each port: Crane lift capacity, availability of gantry cranes, warehouse storage area, open storage area, any special facilities such as Ro-Ro, availability of customs service.
• Utilization of berths or quay space.
• Tonnage of cargo handled in the most recent year that data is available for broken down as follows:
o Domestic, international and transshipment cargo tonnage.
o Tonnage arriving subdivided by commodity and port of origin.
o Tonnage shipped out subdivided by commodity and destination port.
• Seasonal variation of cargo volume and type.
• Number of sailings at each port – inbound and outbound.
Data about domestic shipping using Thailand’s ports:
• Number of ships subdivided into categories by tonnage and by type of ship (e.g. tanker, container ship, general cargo ship).
• Utilization of ships.
• Percentages of time that ships are used on Thailand coastal shipping and for trips to ports in other countries.
Data about truck traffic originating from Thailand’s seaports:
• Number of trucks arriving at and leaving each port.
• Tonnages of commodities arriving at and leaving each port
Miscellaneous information:
• Travel times by ship and by road between Thailand’s ports.
• Number of days (if any) that ports are closed as a result of weather conditions.
Some of the commodities currently transported by road from Thailand’s seaports to areas served by other seaports may be suitable for rail transport using Thailand’s upgraded metre gauge rail network. This needs to be considered when assessing the potential for increasing the use of Thailand’s coastal shipping.
Task 2 The existing capability of Thailand’s coastal ports and shipping
Identify the existing capabilities of each port:
• Annual cargo handling capacity compared with existing annual tonnage handled.
• Types of cargo that can and cannot be handled.
• Identify the existing constraints at each port in terms of berths, port facilities and customs facilities.
• Identify any other constraints including those related to the availability of different types of ships.
• Identify any committed or proposed projects that would improve the capability and capacity of the port.
Task 3 Future growth and transfer from road to sea transport
Identify the scale of future growth in cargo carried by coastal shipping without any additional Government interventions to encourage transfer from road to sea transport.
Assess the potential for transfer from road to coastal shipping:
• Identify total potential port-to-port freight tonnages sub-divided into commodities that could be diverted from road to water transport.
• Identify the potential tonnage split by commodity that could be transferred from road to water using the existing facilities at Thailand’s seaports.
Task 4 Master Plan
Prepare a master plan setting out the recommended strategy for increasing the use of coastal shipping for the movement of domestic freight, maximizing the efficiency of coastal shipping and small seaports; and transferring freight from road to water.
The master plan should contain the following elements:
• Data on international imports and exports for each of Thailand’s seaports subdivided by commodity.
• Data on the tonnage of cargo that is transshipped at international ports for onward transport to other seaports in Thailand
• Data on existing domestic cargo tonnages and port-to-port tonnages for Thailand’s seaports split by commodity.
• Data on the volume of cargo moved by truck to and from Thailand’s seaports to areas served by other seaports in Thailand.
• Forecasts of expected growth in seaborne cargo in the next 10/20 years.
• Descriptions of the existing facilities, capabilities and capacity of each of Thailand’s domestic seaports with identification of capacity constraints and any other limitations on their increased use.
• Identification of existing proposals to improve port facilities, capabilities and capacity. Identification of additional improvements necessary to provide sufficient capacity to cater for forecast growth and additional tonnage diverted from road.
• Development of an action plan for the implementation of improvements.
Identify the investment projects needed to increase the capabilities of those seaports where existing capacity and capability is not sufficient to handle the potential additional tonnage.
Undertake an economic evaluation of the proposed investment projects.
Undertake an environmental impact assessment only of those projects that deliver a sufficient rate of return on the investment to make implementation worthwhile.
Task 5 - Pilot Project
Identify the ports with the best potential for transfer of cargo from road transport to coastal shipping. Identify the improvements necessary to maximize their efficiency and capacity. Use a framework approach to rank the ports in priority order in order to assist selection of a port or ports for the pilot project.
Two alternative approaches should be considered in the study:
• Select one port for the pilot project: The objectives are (a) to reduce truck traffic between that port and Thailand’s main maritime gateway ports and (b) to divert domestic cargo to other coastal ports from land to sea transport.
• Select a pair of ports for the pilot project that (a) already have a substantial trade in sea cargo between them and to/from Thailand’s main maritime gateway ports and (b) have the potential to increase the tonnage shipped between them by transfer from road. There would also be an additional benefit through the transfer of some freight to and from other port cities from road to sea.
Prepare an action plan for implementation and monitoring of the pilot project.
Thailand Coastal Shipping TOR (29 November 2557)
Objectives
To increase the contribution made by coastal shipping to the movement of cargo within Thailand
To maximize the efficiency of coastal shipping. The theme is to maximize utilization of existing facilities before investing new funding in new facilities.
To reduce the volume of truck traffic on the main highways and expressways connecting the ports and cities of Central and Southern Thailand.
Scope of Work
The scope of work consists of five tasks:
• Task 1: Gathering data on maritime trade, shipping and ports along the Gulf of Thailand and Andaman sea coasts of Thailand.
• Task 2: Assessing the capabilities and capacity of Thailand’s coastal ports and shipping.
• Task 3: Forecasting future sea cargo volumes and identifying the scale of truck traffic that has the potential to be transferred to coastal shipping.
• Task 4: Develop a master plan for the development of coastal shipping and port services wity the objective of maximizing the use of existing facilities and investing in new capacity and capability once existing shipping and ports are operating efficiently.
• Task 5: Prepare action and monitoring plans for a pilot project to demonstrate what can be achieved.
Task 1 Data Gathering
Information
There are two main international ports serving Thailand. They are Laem Chabang and Rayong on the Gulf of Thailand coast. The Port of Bangkok is a third and smaller gateway for international shipping.
There are a number of small ports used by coastal shipping along the coast close to Bangkok and there are ports along the Gulf of Thailand coast between Prachuap Khiri Khan and Songkhla.
There are also small ports on the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand. The shipping route to these ports from Laem Chabang and Rayong is lengthy as it requires ships to pass through the Singapore Strait at the southern extremity of Malaysia.
Some of the ports around the coast of Thailand are in the public sector and others are privately owned and/or operated.
Account will need to be taken of the transshipment requirements of cargo that is transported by barge in both directions upstream of the Port of Bangkok at Khlong Toey.
Data gathering
The following information will need to be collected using available data, existing sources of secondary statistics and surveys to be undertaken as part of the study:
Data about the each port:
• Number of berths, length of quays and maximum number of ships that can be accommodated at any one time.
• Condition of facilities at the port and annual budgets for repair and maintenance.
• Information on any committed or proposed spending on upgrading port infrastructure.
• Information about the port and its harbour channels including the maximum size (length and draught) of ship that can be accommodated.
• Information about the facilities available at each port: Crane lift capacity, availability of gantry cranes, warehouse storage area, open storage area, any special facilities such as Ro-Ro, availability of customs service.
• Utilization of berths or quay space.
• Tonnage of cargo handled in the most recent year that data is available for broken down as follows:
o Domestic, international and transshipment cargo tonnage.
o Tonnage arriving subdivided by commodity and port of origin.
o Tonnage shipped out subdivided by commodity and destination port.
• Seasonal variation of cargo volume and type.
• Number of sailings at each port – inbound and outbound.
Data about domestic shipping using Thailand’s ports:
• Number of ships subdivided into categories by tonnage and by type of ship (e.g. tanker, container ship, general cargo ship).
• Utilization of ships.
• Percentages of time that ships are used on Thailand coastal shipping and for trips to ports in other countries.
Data about truck traffic originating from Thailand’s seaports:
• Number of trucks arriving at and leaving each port.
• Tonnages of commodities arriving at and leaving each port
Miscellaneous information:
• Travel times by ship and by road between Thailand’s ports.
• Number of days (if any) that ports are closed as a result of weather conditions.
Some of the commodities currently transported by road from Thailand’s seaports to areas served by other seaports may be suitable for rail transport using Thailand’s upgraded metre gauge rail network. This needs to be considered when assessing the potential for increasing the use of Thailand’s coastal shipping.
Task 2 The existing capability of Thailand’s coastal ports and shipping
Identify the existing capabilities of each port:
• Annual cargo handling capacity compared with existing annual tonnage handled.
• Types of cargo that can and cannot be handled.
• Identify the existing constraints at each port in terms of berths, port facilities and customs facilities.
• Identify any other constraints including those related to the availability of different types of ships.
• Identify any committed or proposed projects that would improve the capability and capacity of the port.
Task 3 Future growth and transfer from road to sea transport
Identify the scale of future growth in cargo carried by coastal shipping without any additional Government interventions to encourage transfer from road to sea transport.
Assess the potential for transfer from road to coastal shipping:
• Identify total potential port-to-port freight tonnages sub-divided into commodities that could be diverted from road to water transport.
• Identify the potential tonnage split by commodity that could be transferred from road to water using the existing facilities at Thailand’s seaports.
Task 4 Master Plan
Prepare a master plan setting out the recommended strategy for increasing the use of coastal shipping for the movement of domestic freight, maximizing the efficiency of coastal shipping and small seaports; and transferring freight from road to water.
The master plan should contain the following elements:
• Data on international imports and exports for each of Thailand’s seaports subdivided by commodity.
• Data on the tonnage of cargo that is transshipped at international ports for onward transport to other seaports in Thailand
• Data on existing domestic cargo tonnages and port-to-port tonnages for Thailand’s seaports split by commodity.
• Data on the volume of cargo moved by truck to and from Thailand’s seaports to areas served by other seaports in Thailand.
• Forecasts of expected growth in seaborne cargo in the next 10/20 years.
• Descriptions of the existing facilities, capabilities and capacity of each of Thailand’s domestic seaports with identification of capacity constraints and any other limitations on their increased use.
• Identification of existing proposals to improve port facilities, capabilities and capacity. Identification of additional improvements necessary to provide sufficient capacity to cater for forecast growth and additional tonnage diverted from road.
• Development of an action plan for the implementation of improvements.
Identify the investment projects needed to increase the capabilities of those seaports where existing capacity and capability is not sufficient to handle the potential additional tonnage.
Undertake an economic evaluation of the proposed investment projects.
Undertake an environmental impact assessment only of those projects that deliver a sufficient rate of return on the investment to make implementation worthwhile.
Task 5 - Pilot Project
Identify the ports with the best potential for transfer of cargo from road transport to coastal shipping. Identify the improvements necessary to maximize their efficiency and capacity. Use a framework approach to rank the ports in priority order in order to assist selection of a port or ports for the pilot project.
Two alternative approaches should be considered in the study:
• Select one port for the pilot project: The objectives are (a) to reduce truck traffic between that port and Thailand’s main maritime gateway ports and (b) to divert domestic cargo to other coastal ports from land to sea transport.
• Select a pair of ports for the pilot project that (a) already have a substantial trade in sea cargo between them and to/from Thailand’s main maritime gateway ports and (b) have the potential to increase the tonnage shipped between them by transfer from road. There would also be an additional benefit through the transfer of some freight to and from other port cities from road to sea.
Prepare an action plan for implementation and monitoring of the pilot project.
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