Finite Automata and Regular Sets
o Formal definitions of automata, regular expressions and
equivalence with automata
o Regular languages and its properties
o Finite Automata (FA) with output and applications
o Non-deterministic FA and their equivalence to deterministic FA
o Minimal state of Deterministic FA
o Pumping Lemma of regular languages
Pushdown Automata (PA)
o Formal definition of pushdown automata and equivalence with
context-free grammars (CFG)
o Context-free languages and its properties
o Equivalence of PA and CFG
o Pumping Lemma of context-free languages
Turing Machines
o Formal definition of a Turing machine
o Various models of TM’s and their equivalence
o Recursively Enumerable Languages
o Encoding of Turing Machines
Decidability, Reducibility, and Undecidability
o The Halting problem
o Mapping reducibility
o Undecidability problems in language models
Time Complexity of Turing Machine Computations
o The classes P and NP
o NP-Completeness and the Cook-Levin theorem