Examples
[0044] Representative synergistic interactions, including application rates
employed and resulting disease control of wheat brown rust and wheat leaf blotch is presented in the following Tables 1 — 5.
[0045] For the ของผสม studies with สารประกอบ of Formula I: Treatments consisted of สารฆ่ารา, including a สารประกอบ of Formula I, เทบิวโคนาโซล, โพรพิโคนาโซล,
เมตโคนาโซล, and ไซโพรโคนาโซล, applied either individually or as two-way ของผสม with a สารประกอบ of Formula I. Technical grades of materials were dissolved in acetone to
make stock solutions which were used to perform three-fold dilutions in acetone for each individual fungicide component or for the two-way ของผสม. Desired fungicide rates were obtained after mixing dilutions with nine volumes of water containing 110 parts per
million (ppm) Triton X-100. The fungicide solutions (10 milliliters (mL)) were applied onto six pots of plants using an automated booth sprayer, which utilized two 6218-1/4
JAUPM spray nozzles operating at 20 pounds per square inch (psi) set at opposing angles to cover both leaf surfaces. All sprayed plants were allowed to air dry prior to further
handling. Control plants were sprayed in the same manner with a solvent blank.
[0046] For the one-day protectant experiments, the plants were inoculated with an aqueous spore สารแขวนลอย of the pathogen of interest (either PUCCRT or SEPTTR) and
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then placed in a dew room from 1 — 3 days to allow for infection to occur. The plants were then placed in the greenhouse for symptom development to occur. In the case of
PUCCRT, symptoms typically appeared in 7 —10 days while for SEPTTR symptoms
typically appeared in 25 — 30 days.
[0047] For the three-day curative experiments, plants were inoculated with an
aqueous spore สารแขวนลอย of the pathogen of interest (either PUCCRT or SEPTTR) and
then placed in a dew room from 1 — 3 days to allow for infection to occur. The plants were removed from the dew room, allowed to dry for approximately one hour (h), sprayed with the test materials formulated as described above, and then placed in the greenhouse for symptom development to occur as described previously.
[0048] When disease severity reached 50 — 100% on the control plants, infection levels were assessed on treated plants visually and scored on a scale of 0 to 100 percent. The percentage of disease control was then calculated using the ratio of disease on treated plants relative to control plants.
[0049] The Colby equation was used to determine the fungicidal effects expected from the ของผสม. (See Colby, S. R. Calculation of the synergistic and antagonistic
response of herbicide combinations, Weeds 1967, 15, 20 — 22.). More specifically, in Tables 1 — 5, Colby's equation was used to calculate the expected activity of ของผสม containing two active ingredients, A and B:
Expected = A+B-(AxB/100), wherein
A = observed efficacy of active component A at the same concentration as used in the ของผสม;
B = observed efficacy of active component B at the same concentration as used in the ของผสม.
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[0050] In addition, the following abbreviations apply to Tables 1 - 5: % DC-Percent disease control
% DC Ups-Percent disease control observed % DC Exp=Percent disease control expected Synergism factor=% DC Obs/% DC Exp
[0051] Table 1. Evaluation of efficacy of fungicide ของผสม for the control of
wheat brown rust caused by Puccinia recondita-tritici (PUCCRT) in a one-day protective (1DP) application.
Examples[0044] Representative synergistic interactions, including application ratesemployed and resulting disease control of wheat brown rust and wheat leaf blotch is presented in the following Tables 1 — 5.[0045] For the ของผสม studies with สารประกอบ of Formula I: Treatments consisted of สารฆ่ารา, including a สารประกอบ of Formula I, เทบิวโคนาโซล, โพรพิโคนาโซล, เมตโคนาโซล, and ไซโพรโคนาโซล, applied either individually or as two-way ของผสม with a สารประกอบ of Formula I. Technical grades of materials were dissolved in acetone to make stock solutions which were used to perform three-fold dilutions in acetone for each individual fungicide component or for the two-way ของผสม. Desired fungicide rates were obtained after mixing dilutions with nine volumes of water containing 110 parts per million (ppm) Triton X-100. The fungicide solutions (10 milliliters (mL)) were applied onto six pots of plants using an automated booth sprayer, which utilized two 6218-1/4 JAUPM spray nozzles operating at 20 pounds per square inch (psi) set at opposing angles to cover both leaf surfaces. All sprayed plants were allowed to air dry prior to further handling. Control plants were sprayed in the same manner with a solvent blank. [0046] For the one-day protectant experiments, the plants were inoculated with an aqueous spore สารแขวนลอย of the pathogen of interest (either PUCCRT or SEPTTR) and
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then placed in a dew room from 1 — 3 days to allow for infection to occur. The plants were then placed in the greenhouse for symptom development to occur. In the case of
PUCCRT, symptoms typically appeared in 7 —10 days while for SEPTTR symptoms
typically appeared in 25 — 30 days.
[0047] For the three-day curative experiments, plants were inoculated with an
aqueous spore สารแขวนลอย of the pathogen of interest (either PUCCRT or SEPTTR) and
then placed in a dew room from 1 — 3 days to allow for infection to occur. The plants were removed from the dew room, allowed to dry for approximately one hour (h), sprayed with the test materials formulated as described above, and then placed in the greenhouse for symptom development to occur as described previously.
[0048] When disease severity reached 50 — 100% on the control plants, infection levels were assessed on treated plants visually and scored on a scale of 0 to 100 percent. The percentage of disease control was then calculated using the ratio of disease on treated plants relative to control plants.
[0049] The Colby equation was used to determine the fungicidal effects expected from the ของผสม. (See Colby, S. R. Calculation of the synergistic and antagonistic
response of herbicide combinations, Weeds 1967, 15, 20 — 22.). More specifically, in Tables 1 — 5, Colby's equation was used to calculate the expected activity of ของผสม containing two active ingredients, A and B:
Expected = A+B-(AxB/100), wherein
A = observed efficacy of active component A at the same concentration as used in the ของผสม;
B = observed efficacy of active component B at the same concentration as used in the ของผสม.
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[0050] In addition, the following abbreviations apply to Tables 1 - 5: % DC-Percent disease control
% DC Ups-Percent disease control observed % DC Exp=Percent disease control expected Synergism factor=% DC Obs/% DC Exp
[0051] Table 1. Evaluation of efficacy of fungicide ของผสม for the control of
wheat brown rust caused by Puccinia recondita-tritici (PUCCRT) in a one-day protective (1DP) application.
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