The
objectives were to characterise: (1) the extent of variation in foliar gas exchange and instantaneous
water use efficiency (WUEi) between trees with contrasting leafing phenologies; (2) the influence of leaf
age and available soil moisture on gas exchange and WUEi of trees; and (3) chlorophyll and foliar
nitrogen (N) concentrations and gas exchange parameters for maize in agroforestry and sole crop
systems. Foliar chlorophyll and N concentrations, assimilation (A) and transpiration rate (E) were much
greater in P. fortunei than in A. acuminata or G. robusta