An integrated modelling framework has been developed to
predict biological cultivation and chemical HTL process pathways
as a predictive tool for microalgae to fuel [33]. Whilst many
authors’ have endorsed HTL nutrient recycling and the energetic
transformation and optimisation of biomass conversion processes
using HTL, to date there has been no known research on efficient
heat delivery for achievement of the operational HTL process conditions,
irrespective of the reaction constituents. With the volumetric
scale-up of this technology which will be required for
industrial quantities of biofuel production, integration of efficient
heat delivery is a pre-requisite. Key issues for future R&D of
microalgae biofuels include both the utilisation of co-products
and development of energy efficient thermo-conversion processes
[34].