The downturns in these countries have been associated with significantly more expropriation of cash and tangible assets by manager
Our results highlight the importance of the legal protection afforded creditors and minority shareholders and are closely linked to the recent findings of La al. (1997, 1998, 1999b), hereafter referred to as LLSV. These authors show that the extent to which creditor and minority shareholder rights are protected explains a great deal of the variation in how funded and provide evidence from a sample of 49 countries that wea ights and poor enforcement lead to underdeveloped stock markets. Here we show that weak enforcement of hareholder rights has first-order importance in determining the extent of change rate depreciation and stock market collapse in 1997-98
Related ideas have been expressed by Yellen (1998, Rajan and Zingales (1998), and Yellen that "a is extraordinarily susceptible a deterioration in about the quality of Rajan system is explain the problems that can occur when a relationship-based financial opened up to capital inflows. Caballero and Krishnamurthy emphasize the vestment in appropriate collateral that occurs due to incentive problems