Until 1995, SAP did not have any specific modules to fit in higher education institutions. For example, in university setting, certain benefits in HR process had to be distributed according to a 9-month academic calendar. This feature could not be applied in SAP’s standard processes. As a result, the scope of the ERP system implementation did not include HR, payroll, travel, student management, and other functions. This “segmented” implementation created disconnection between employees; not all stakeholders had SAP accounts, so it was necessary to continue allowing paper-driven process in some cases, and as a result MIT faced the issue of increased system interfaces and data redundancies.