Third, actual cooperation observed through implementation is documented the last years within and across EU countries. often cooperation takes form through different types of stakeholder participation. in general, each sectoral policy domain has its own specificities for participation requirements. for instance, some EU countries have tackled implementation problems related with cultural diversity and difficulty in finding shared interests and understanding with a common implementation structure, which included stakeholder dialogues when implementing the EU water Directive. cooperation has also been central within the european countries who have developed marine spatial plans, although not yet obligatory from the EU, including the netherlands (idon. 2011) Germany, Belgium, the UK, ireland, spain, etc. in the processes of developing such plans,extensive stakeholder involvements have appeared throughout processes of freqent updated plans within the countries themselves.