in the United States ,the consumer advocate Ralph Nader has emerged as a leading representative of the universalist protectionist position. In Europe, the spokespersons for established Green parties have long suggested that unfettered neoliberal globalization has resulted in a serious degradation of the global environment. Anarchist groups in Europe and the United States concur with this perspective, but, unlike Nader and the Greens, they are willing to make selective use of violent means in order to achieve their objectives. In the global South, the universalist protectionist perspective is usually represented by democratic-popular movements of resistance against neoliberal policies, such as the zapatistas in Mexico, the Chipko movement in India, or Haitian