The mushroom is a fruiting body of microorganisms called fungi. To propagate, it forms a mycelium in
its growth stage, generating spores in the gills for dispersal. As mushrooms lack chlorophyll, they
don’t photosynthesize (process energy from sunlight) like green plants.
Mushrooms play a significant role in forest ecology, as they help decompose dead plants and
animals, including dead trees, branches, leaves, fruits, seeds and animal droppings on the ground. In
organic soil, 90% of dead plants are made up of wood with cellulose and lignin, which makes them
decay very slowly. Mushrooms produce an enzyme to decompose these substances more rapidly and
create nutrients for other plants and microorganisms, thus completing the natural forest growth cycle.
Mushrooms themselves are tasty, popular to eat and a beneficial source of nutrients for people too.
Much of Asia’s environment is suitable for cultivating many different types of mushrooms. In addition,
the low costs associated with growing mushrooms helps farmers get started and make relatively quick
and good financial returns, positively contributing to the country’s economy.
Before embarking on mushroom cultivation for commercial purposes, it’s important to understand the
different varieties of mushrooms, their attributes, qualities, environmental needs and characteristics of
growth. Different mushrooms have different market demands and profit margins, as well as growing
challenges. It’s also important to be aware of potential problems, such as pests, disease and
inclement weather.