Test distance
Letter charts are not only used to measure visual acuity, they are also used as targets for subjective refraction. This is the main reason distance acuity is measured more often than near acuity. At a long distance, accommodation is relaxed, so that the refraction can be more accurate. At a longer test distance, the effect of small changes in the subject’s position is less important and can be ignored.
As today’s exam lanes often are smaller than 20 feet (6 meters), charts are often designed for shorter distances. This is no problem for visual acuity measurement, as long as the actual test distance is accurately accounted for. For use in refraction, shorter distances are less desirable. At 4 m (the recommended distance for ETDRS charts) the accommodative demand is 0.25 Diopters and cannot be ignored. In smaller rooms, the use of mirrors is recommended to increase the test distance.
Test distanceLetter charts are not only used to measure visual acuity, they are also used as targets for subjective refraction. This is the main reason distance acuity is measured more often than near acuity. At a long distance, accommodation is relaxed, so that the refraction can be more accurate. At a longer test distance, the effect of small changes in the subject’s position is less important and can be ignored.As today’s exam lanes often are smaller than 20 feet (6 meters), charts are often designed for shorter distances. This is no problem for visual acuity measurement, as long as the actual test distance is accurately accounted for. For use in refraction, shorter distances are less desirable. At 4 m (the recommended distance for ETDRS charts) the accommodative demand is 0.25 Diopters and cannot be ignored. In smaller rooms, the use of mirrors is recommended to increase the test distance.
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