With increasing resource degradation, it is becoming more and more evident that ecosystems are essential for human well-being. Involving more than 1360 experts worldwide, the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) (2005) is the most extensive attempt to appraise the condition of, and trends in, the world’s ecosystems and the services they provide to people. To be able to comprehensively address the broad array of human needs related to nature, the study applies the concept of ecosystem services, defined as ‘‘the benefits people obtain from ecosystems’’ (MA, 2003, p. 49). A great share of the ecosystems worldwide are deliberately managed by humans. In such culturally modified landscapes, biodiversity and ecosystem services have often been sustained through a long and complex history of settlement and land use