Participants and setting
The study was undertaken in a respiratory care hospital that has provided ambulatory rehabilitation program for patients with COPD since the early 1990s in Hong Kong. Subjects fulfilling the following criteria were recruited: (1) with diagnosis of COPD confirmed by both medical history and air-flow limitation (i.e., the ratio of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) to forced vital capacity was less than 70%), as reflected by spirometric readings measured after postbronchodilator therapy and according to the American Thoracic Society standard ; (2) medically stable as interpreted by no hospital admissions for chest problems in the past month, (3) had already stopped smoking at least for 6 months, (4) no other disabling diseases (e.g., strokes, parkinsonism,etc.), (5) participating in our 12-session outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program, and (6) no prior history of practicing qigong.
Participants and setting The study was undertaken in a respiratory care hospital that has provided ambulatory rehabilitation program for patients with COPD since the early 1990s in Hong Kong. Subjects fulfilling the following criteria were recruited: (1) with diagnosis of COPD confirmed by both medical history and air-flow limitation (i.e., the ratio of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) to forced vital capacity was less than 70%), as reflected by spirometric readings measured after postbronchodilator therapy and according to the American Thoracic Society standard ; (2) medically stable as interpreted by no hospital admissions for chest problems in the past month, (3) had already stopped smoking at least for 6 months, (4) no other disabling diseases (e.g., strokes, parkinsonism,etc.), (5) participating in our 12-session outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program, and (6) no prior history of practicing qigong.
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