The depression measure included four items from the eight-item short form Center for Epidemiological Studies, Depression (CES-D) scale, shown to predict depression among adolescents (Seeley, Rohde, Lewinsohn, & Clarke, 2002). Teenagers responded if, during the past week, they (1) had a poor appetite, (2) felt depressed, (3) felt sad, and (4) had low energy (α=.74).