x10 cfu/ml (Ct= 32.1), 10 cfu/ml (35.9), and x 10 cfu/ml (43.6) (Fig. 5A; Supporting File S1), indicat ing that qPCR can sufficiently distinguished the concen tration differences between these bacterial dilutions. Melting analysis showed single melting curves for each amplified curve (Fig. 5B), hence indicating that amplifi cation curves were specific to E. amylovora. Furthermore, comparison of qPCR results with immunoassay kits and LAMP revealed its higher efficiency to detect up to serial ution concentration of ×10 cfu/ml (Fig. 5).