The questions to ask for this patient in order to appropriately treat her are these:
1) Does the patient have osteoporosis?
The answer is yes both clinically and by bone mineral density criteria as set out by the WHO.
She had suffered afragility or low trauma fracture from less than a standing height.
This means a fracture from a force that does not justify a fracture.
This satisfies the clinical definition of osteoporosise a condition where the bones are brittle and susceptible to fracture.
By BMD criteria osteoporosis can also be diagnosed via a T-score 2.5 in any of the 3 regions of interest (ROI) as denoted above.
Note that the spine for this patient showed a relatively dense BMD as compared to the other regions.
This might be due to osteosclerosis and/or osteophytes present in an elderly
patient, inaccurately increasing the BMD in that region.
Indeed, it was found that about 46% of females between the ages of 40e84 years of age had osteophytes and this increased with increasing age