Likewise there are modelling studies with mul- tiscale features which have not been discussed at length here, such as the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)-focused model of Wall et al. [56], which divides the respiratory system into a “conducting zone” and a “respiratory zone” and explicitly resolves the former whilst employing an impedance-based alveolar ensemble for the latter; the model of Ma and Lutchen [57] which incorporates airflow dynamics through the airway tree, reaching down to alveolar tissue units using the constant phase viscoelastic model; the efforts of Latourelle et al. [58], which emphasised the importance of dynamic equilibration of ASM; the more sophisti- cated airway constriction model of Brook et al. [59] taking account of local stress and cellular-level responses; the seminal early works of Lambert and coworkers [41] on which nearly all of these later models depend; as well as the Physiome Project [60].