whereas 12 records demonstrated the cycling, and therefore the power of this test was low. As demonstrated in Fig. 9, there tended to be a lower final VAS score at the neck in those participants who demonstrated a larger number of cycles (a shift up or down the axis greater than 5 Hz) over the course of the recording period. These results strongly suggest that future work should investigate the presence or absence of mean fre quency cycling in terms of the development of musculoskeletal discomfort.