Pain management Turkish version of short-form MPQ
vergent validity was measured by comparing the Turkish Table 2 Test-retest reliability scores of the Turkish version of the
version of SF-MPQ responses with the results of the NRS. SF-MPQ
Discriminant construct validity was determined by Pearson’s ICC 95% CI
correlations with the patient’s blood pressure values. A
Sensory 0Æ84 0Æ79–0Æ89
probability value of p < 0Æ05 was considered to indicate a
Affective 0Æ82 0Æ72–0Æ86
significant effect. Total, sensory and affective score 0Æ85 0Æ80–0Æ91
VAS 0Æ64 0Æ51–0Æ74
Evaluative total pain intensity 0Æ70 0Æ58–0Æ81
Results
ICC, intraclass correlation; CI, confidence interval.
Sample characteristics
Table 3 Construct and concurrent validity scores of total pain rating
The mean age of the patients with leukaemia who partici- index (ETPI) of the Turkish version of the SF-MPQ
pated in the research was 53Æ42 ± 8Æ59 years. Of the patients Turkish version of the SF-MPQ
57Æ7% were women and 42Æ3% men; 37Æ5% of them were
Test r (p) Retest r(p)
primary school graduates (Table 1).
NRS 0Æ61 ( <0Æ01) 0Æ68 ( <0Æ01)
Blood pressure values 0Æ78 ( <0Æ001) 0Æ73 ( <0Æn001)
Reliability analysis
According to the Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test, there was no results of the Turkish version of the SF-MPQ were correlated
difference between test and retest values of the total, sensory, with blood pressure values. The resulting correlation was
affective, ETPI and VAS scores (p > 0Æ05). Internal consis- r = 0Æ78 (p < 0Æ001) for test and r = 0Æ73 (p < 0Æ001) for
tency was found adequate at both assessments with Cron- retest, demonstrating good correlation (Table 3).
bach’s a 0Æ88 for test and 0Æ91 for retest. Test–retest
reliability was found to be ICC = 0Æ85 for total score, 0Æ84
Discussion
for sensory score, 0Æ82 for affective score and 0Æ70 for ETPI
score. The test–retest reliability for the VAS of SF-MPQ was In recent years, interest in the problems of translation and
found to be 0Æ64 (Table 2). cross-cultural adaptation of healthcare measurement scales
has grown considerably. If an instrument is to be used in a
different language, it is necessary to demonstrate that it has
Validity analysis
similar validity and reliability as the original instrument
Correlation between the total, sensory and affective scores (Patrick & Beery 1991, Tezbasaran 1997, Sencan 2005). For
of the Turkish version of the SF-MPQ and the NRS was tested this reason, it was necessary to evaluate the validity and
for construct validity. The resulting correlation was r = 0Æ61 reliability of the Turkish version of the SF-MPQ for use in a
(p < 0Æ01) for test and r = 0Æ68 (p < 0Æ01) for retest, demon- Turkish population sample. The results of this study provide
strating moderate correlation. For concurrent validity, the support for the reliability and validity of the Turkish version
Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the subjects (n = 130) of the SF-MPQ to measure the pain experience.
Mean SD
Validity
Age (years) 53Æ42 8Æ59
Blood pressure values (mmHg) Convergent validity represents the extent to which a test
Systolic blood pressure 116Æ1 16Æ2 demonstrates ability to measure a theoretical construct
Diastolic blood pressure 73Æ2 9Æ3
(Beaton et al. 2000). The construct validity of the Turkish
n % version SF-MPQ was assessed by principal component
Gender analysis. For this purpose, it was correlated with NRS that
Female 92 57Æ7 has been widely used clinically for the assessment of pain
Male 68 42Æ3 (Paice & Cohen 1997, Childs et al. 2005) obtained on the
Education level same day. Correlations above 0Æ40 have been considered
Primary school graduate 60 37Æ5 satisfactory for convergent validity (Kaasa et al. 1995). We
High school 65 40Æ6
found statistically significant and positive correlations
Bachelor 35 21Æ9
between the Turkish version of the scale and NRS values
2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Journal of Clinical Nursing, 21, 3328–3334 3331
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