Hyperglycemia represents the main cause for these
complications of diabetes because elevated glucose concentration directly injures cells and induces lipid peroxidation
[29]. It should be noted that although MA could significantly
reduce blood glucose, the levels are still far beyond the
normal blood glucose levels. The antioxidant activity of MA
may play some role in the improvement of vascular
dysfunction. Our previous reports have shown that phytochemicals such as quercetin and other polyphenols reduced
oxidative stress and were well associated with improving
vascular responsiveness in rat model of phenylhydrazineinduced oxidative stress [15,30]