Introduction to
.Drying (dehydration) or pulling the water may be called drying process heat is exhausted by a certain way to materials with moisture for the removal of moisture from food by evaporation.The traditional methods of food is dried in the sun to dry food that can be stored for a long time. Drying is done by reducing the moisture content of the food with evaporation water from surface of the food.There are many products from drying
.The purpose of drying food is such as to extend shelf life. In general, the food product through drying, the amount of water or moisture is about 2-14% make aw in food reduced.Such as fungi (mold), yeast (yeast) bacteria (bacteria) that causes the feed's (microbial spoilage) inhibit the enzyme activity, work (enzyme) or slow down the reaction.(food spoilage) drying the food safety. Due to reduce the water content in food by drying. The food is Wateractivity (water activity) less than 0.6 which is the level of microbial pathogens (pathogen) cannot grow, and can also ยับยั้งสารพิษ of fungi (mycotoxin). Such as Aflatoxin
.The drying is done to feed the light weight, reduce the volume, easy to transport, consumption or use as raw materials in processing continuous with the other way.However, to obtain the characteristics of the required products. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the basic drying as well
.The general theory of drying
.The drying process used air as medium in the heat transfer and mass transfer from air to the product moisture from the products to the air. The heat from the air, the products were given to be used in water vapour from the product.Such as grain is mainly the internal structure characteristic and spongy. When it is dry in the appearance of some weather conditions (temperature, layer, constantRelative humidity and wind speed). By using the principle as follows:
1.1. Heat and mass transfer 1.1
.1 thermal conductivity A heat transfer from the molecule to molecule one adjacent heat conductivity.The thermal conductivity of water is greater than the value of the object of dry food. This is the food looks solid
.1.1.2 convection. Be born with liquid foods by heat flux will be brought through the gap into the air or gas from the fluid to the fluid of
1.1.3 radiation, heat transfer The radiation heat to the food, which will happen in the case of baked foods in a vacuum and drying visiting the freezing
.In practice, the heat transfer in the drying may occur simultaneously in both 2 or 3 drawings also depends on the food and dried. By drying herbs as heat transfer between 2.(drying rate) and moisture in it (moisture content) is divided into 3 range as Figure 1
.
Figure 1 graph shows the relationship between the moisture dry basis with time
1.The adjustment of basic conditions (Initial Adjustment Period - AB) is the beginning of food used in the drying of the soil moisture content (A) of food is high, the surface of the food will look wet.The surface temperature of food. Is similar to the wet bulb temperature (wet bulb temperature) of the heat medium rate in dry gradually increased. The drying rate constant (constant rate)
.2.The rate constant (dry Constant Rate Period-BC) is the water within the material moving to the surface. The thermal energy materials have been used in drying of warped water from material continuously, the moisture of average material.The end of the drying speed is constant. The drying rate will begin to decrease, moisture of material, at this point, called the critical moisture (critical moisture content)
.3.The drying rate decreased (Falling Rate and Period CD DE) as the humidity in the low residue diet until the spread to face food not continuous. The surface of the food is dried. The surface temperature of food rising.Moisture will decrease until the equilibrium moisture content (Equilibrium, moisture contentXE), which is a low relief Under the experimental conditions used in that time, moisture content, drying rate is zero. The water in the food can not evaporate out again!