2. Magnet-to-magnet recycling route

2. Magnet-to-magnet recycling route
We used the commercial-scale, recycling process presented by Zakotnik and Tudor (2014) and Zakotnik et al. (0000),
which is highlighted with orange and gray in Fig. 1. Using this method, the bulk of the waste Nd–Fe–B magnets are directly
subjected to the magnet-to-magnet recycling process in an effort to obtain sintered Nd–Fe–B magnets with the magnetic
performance required by the market.
Harvesting: The recycling process started with a custom-built, semi-automated mechanical apparatus that was used
to remove the magnetic assembly holding the sintered Nd–Fe–B magnet from the end product (e.g., hard-disk drives).
Essentially, this was achieved by a single cut across the correct corner of each hard-drive or automatic milling to remove
screw heads such that the Nd–Fe–B magnet was separated away from the rest of the scrap material.
Demagnetization: The magnetic assembly was loaded into a 1-m3 muffle furnace and heated up to 400 °C, above the
Curie point of 325 °C, in order to demagnetize the Nd–Fe–B magnet and weaken any adhesive used to hold the magnet to
the assembly. The temperature measurement during the demagnetization step was made using a K-type thermocouple. A
hold time of 30 min was sufficient to weaken the adhesive for a 120 kg batch size. The heating can be carried out in air or
an inert atmosphere. As there was a risk of toxic emissions, generated while heating these magnet assemblies, the gaseous
wastes were passed through a regenerative thermal oxidizer, designed to burn off the volatile organic compounds (Rotival
et al., 1994). Finally, the waste magnets were separated and collected from the assembly.
Cleaning: Once the sintered magnets were removed from the assembly, the surfaces of the magnets were then cleaned
prior to further processing. For a 120 kg batch of magnets, 15 min of abrasive jet was sufficient to remove the corrosionprotection
layer. Mechanical grinding was then used to treat the surface, followed by a 3-min immersion in a hot chemical

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2. Magnet-to-magnet recycling routeWe used the commercial-scale, recycling process presented by Zakotnik and Tudor (2014) and Zakotnik et al. (0000),which is highlighted with orange and gray in Fig. 1. Using this method, the bulk of the waste Nd–Fe–B magnets are directlysubjected to the magnet-to-magnet recycling process in an effort to obtain sintered Nd–Fe–B magnets with the magneticperformance required by the market.Harvesting: The recycling process started with a custom-built, semi-automated mechanical apparatus that was usedto remove the magnetic assembly holding the sintered Nd–Fe–B magnet from the end product (e.g., hard-disk drives).Essentially, this was achieved by a single cut across the correct corner of each hard-drive or automatic milling to removescrew heads such that the Nd–Fe–B magnet was separated away from the rest of the scrap material.Demagnetization: The magnetic assembly was loaded into a 1-m3 muffle furnace and heated up to 400 °C, above theCurie point of 325 °C, in order to demagnetize the Nd–Fe–B magnet and weaken any adhesive used to hold the magnet tothe assembly. The temperature measurement during the demagnetization step was made using a K-type thermocouple. Ahold time of 30 min was sufficient to weaken the adhesive for a 120 kg batch size. The heating can be carried out in air oran inert atmosphere. As there was a risk of toxic emissions, generated while heating these magnet assemblies, the gaseousขยะถูกส่งผ่านผ่านฟื้นฟูความร้อน oxidizer ออกแบบมาเพื่อเผาผลาญสารอินทรีย์ระเหยง่าย (Rotivalet al. 1994) ในที่สุด แม่เหล็กเสียถูกแยก และเก็บรวบรวมจากแอสเซมบลีทำความสะอาด: เมื่อแม่เหล็กเผาออกจากแอสเซมบลี พื้นผิวของแม่เหล็กแล้วให้ทานก่อนดำเนินการต่อไป สำหรับชุด 120 กิโลกรัมของแม่เหล็ก abrasive jet 15 นาทีก็เพียงพอที่จะเอาตัว corrosionprotectionชั้น จักรกลบดถูกใช้ในการรักษาผิว ตาม ด้วยการแช่ 3 นาทีสารเคมีความร้อน