London as Capital
London was soon the largest city in England and, by the time of the Norman Conquest in 1066, it was the obvious choice for national capital. Settlement slowly spread beyond the original walled city, which was virtually wiped out by the Great Fire of 1666. The post-Fire rebuilding formed the basis of the area we know today as the city but, by the 18th century, London enveloped the settlements around it. These included the royal city of Westminster which had long been London’s religious and political centre. The explosive growth of commerce and industry during the 18th and 19th centuries made London the biggest and wealthiest city in the world, creating a prosperous middle class who built the fine houses that still grace parts of the lured millions of the dispossessed from the countryside and from abroad. They crowded into insanitary dwellings, many just east of the City, where docks provided employment. By the end of the 19th century, 4.5 million people lived inner London and another 4 million in its immediate vicinity. Bombing in World War II devastated many central areas and led to substantial rebuilding in the second half of the 20th century, when the docks and other Victorian industries disappeared. The following pages illustrate London’s history by giving snapshots of significant periods in its evolution.
London as Capital
London was soon the largest city in England and, by the time of the Norman Conquest in 1066, it was the obvious choice for national capital. Settlement slowly spread beyond the original walled city, which was virtually wiped out by the Great Fire of 1666. The post-Fire rebuilding formed the basis of the area we know today as the city but, by the 18th century, London enveloped the settlements around it. These included the royal city of Westminster which had long been London’s religious and political centre. The explosive growth of commerce and industry during the 18th and 19th centuries made London the biggest and wealthiest city in the world,การสร้างความเจริญรุ่งเรืองชนชั้นกลางผู้สร้างก็ได้บ้านที่ยังคงความสง่างามส่วนของล่อล้านของยึดครองจากต่างจังหวัดและจากต่างประเทศ มันแออัดไปไม่ถูกอนามัยอาคารบ้านเรือนมากมาย ทางตะวันออกของเมืองที่ท่าเรือได้รับการจ้างงาน ในตอนท้ายของศตวรรษที่ 19 , 4.5 ล้านคนอาศัยอยู่ในกรุงลอนดอน และอีก 4 ล้าน ในบริเวณใกล้เคียงของมันทันที Bombing in World War II devastated many central areas and led to substantial rebuilding in the second half of the 20th century, when the docks and other Victorian industries disappeared. The following pages illustrate London’s history by giving snapshots of significant periods in its evolution.
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