For some organizations, rapid growth is the primary reason that new employees must be recruited. But the need to replace workers who have left is a far more common factor driving recruitment activities. Turnover, not growth, is the reason behind most recruitment pressures. Some turnover is unavoidable, of course. People retire or move for non-job related reasons. But the lion's share of turnover-that caused by layoffs and dissatisfied employees, may be avoidable. At Ernst & Young, for example, voluntary turnover among women at the senior management level was reduced by 7 percent after the company began making a serious effort to increase retention rates. At this firm, offering more flexible work arrangements has been particularly helpful for retaining their best female employees. Other firms may need to find other ways to reduce voluntary turnover. If they succeed, recruiting costs are sure to go down.