The mean birth weights of the two neonatal injury
groups were higher than that of the control group (p,0.05;
Table 1). The recorded maternal and antenatal characteristics are
shown in Table 1. Maternal age at delivery, pre-pregnancy BMI,
and rate of multiparity were similar among the groups. The rate of
gestational diabetes was higher in the study groups than in the
control group; maternal weight gain was also higher in the study
groups than in the control group. Patients in the study groups
delivered at a more advanced gestational age than those in the
control group, and the rate of preterm deliveries was lower in the
study groups than in the control group.